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CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3
chapter 3
Procedure
3.1Principles of procedural justice
3.4The essential features of judicial decision-making
3.6Effective access
3.8Systemic considerations
3.9General principles
The Franks Committee • The Woolf Report • The Bowman Report • The Leggatt Report • The Council on Tribunals
3.20Under TCEA
3.22The overriding objective and the duty to co-operate
3.26Procedural and substantive justice
3.35Sources of procedural provisions
3.35Practice and procedure
3.37Sources
3.38Rules of procedure
3.41The enabling power
3.48Rules of procedure under TCEA
3.54The nature of the rules
3.55Other delegated legislation
3.56Retrospective changes to the rules of procedure
3.58Powers and duties outside the express rules
Supplementing the legislation • Background rules • Inherent powers • Implied powers • The relationship between inherent and implied powers
3.86Practice directions
3.96Practice statements
3.99Directions
3.102Guidance
3.103Overriding objective and co-operation
3.103The overriding objective
3.104The function of the overriding objective
3.106A general principle of fairness
3.107Fairly and justly
3.108Interpreting and applying rules of procedure
3.114Interpreting practice directions
3.119TCEA, practice statements and substantive law
3.120The duty to co-operate
3.127Representatives
3.132Human rights
3.136Previous authorities
3.138Acting judicially
3.149Fairness
3.153The sources of the right to fairness
Natural justice • Analogous principle • No fault • Article 6(1)
3.172The relationship between fairness and procedural legislation
Natural justice • Convention right • The overriding objective
3.186The nature of the right to fairness
3.190Process and substance
The scope of the Convention right
Determination • Civil right or obligation • A variable standard
3.201Protective rights
Right of access • Equality of arms • Material before the tribunal • Understanding proceedings • Understanding the consequences of decisions • Interpreters • Enforcement
3.223The tribunal’s relationship with the State
3.225The tribunal’s attitude to the proceedings
Hearing both sides • The tribunal’s thinking • Concentration on proceedings • Participation in the proceedings • Detachment • Discourtesy • Bias
3.243Actual bias
3.246Bias presumed from an interest in the outcome of the case
3.247Possibility of subconscious bias
3.255Judge’s previous involvement
3.263Recusal – principle and good practice
3.266When should an allegation of bias be raised?
3.272Fairness when evidence or information is withheld
Fairness on appeal or judicial review
When an appeal or judicial review is required • When an appeal or judicial review is available
3.279Reasonable time
3.283Compensation for delay
3.289Prejudgment
3.292Forms of proceedings
3.294Claim
3.295Application
3.296Appeal
3.297Judicial review
3.298Referral or reference
3.299Relationship between appeal and judicial review
3.300Relationship between appeal and referral
3.301Proceedings on procedural issues
3.302Alternative dispute resolution
3.203Ex gratia schemes
CHAPTER 3
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